Occupational Noise Exposure

Occupational Noise Exposure Menu Workers' Rights

Standards

Employee exposure to occupational noise hazards is addressed in OSHA’s general industry standards and the recording of occupational hearing loss is addressed in OSHA’s injury and illness recordkeeping regulation. This section highlights OSHA standards/regulations and documents related to noise. For information on requirements for the construction industry, see the construction standards section.

Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act, often referred to as the General Duty Clause, requires employers to "furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees". This section may be used to address hazards for which there are no specific OSHA standards, e.g. noise in agricultural operations.

OSHA Standards
Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illness (29 CFR 1904)
Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illness (29 CFR 1904)
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1904 Subpart (C)

1904.10, Recording criteria for cases involving occupational hearing loss.

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General Industry (29 CFR 1910)
General Industry (29 CFR 1910)
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1910 Subpart G - Occupational Health and Environmental Control

1910.95, Occupational noise exposure.

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State Plan Standards

State Plans are OSHA-approved workplace safety and health programs operated by individual states or U.S. territories. Most State Plans cover both private sector and state and local government workers throughout the state, while several cover only state and local government workers. See a complete listing of all State Plans. State Plans are required to have standards and enforcement programs that are at least as effective as OSHA's and may have different or more stringent requirements. Explore specific State Plan safety and health standards and regulations.

Other Federal Agency's Standards and Guidance

Note: These are NOT OSHA standards or regulations. However, they do provide guidance from their originating organizations related to worker protection from noise. The applicability of these requirements depends on whether a specific worksite falls within the statutory authority of the federal agency.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

  • 49 CFR 227, Occupational Noise Exposure for Railroad Operating Employees. Requires railroads to monitor noise exposures and implement a hearing conservation program for employees whose exposure to cab noise equals or exceeds an 8-hour TWA of 85 dBA. This final rule became effective February 26, 2007.
  • 49 CFR 229, Railroad Locomotive Safety Standards

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

  • Occupational Noise Exposure. Publication No. 98-126, (June 1998). Includes revisions to previous 1972 recommendations that go beyond attempting to conserve hearing by focusing on preventing occupational noise-induced hearing loss. NIOSH has also established a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 85 dBA-TWA with a 3 dBA exchange rate.

U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)

U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

National Consensus Standards and Recommendations from Other Professional Organizations

Note: These are NOT OSHA standards or regulations. However, they do provide guidance from their originating organizations related to worker protection from noise.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

  • S3.1, Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms. Specifies maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) allowed in audiometric test rooms.
  • S3.44, Determination of Occupational Noise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Impairment.
  • S3.6, American National Standard Specification for Audiometers. Includes specifications and tolerances for audiometers and standard reference threshold levels for audiometric transducers.
  • S12.6, Methods for Measuring the Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors. Specifies laboratory-based procedures for measuring, analyzing & reporting passive noise-reducing capabilities of hearing protection devices.
  • S12.71, Performance Criteria for Systems that Estimate the Attenuation of Passive Hearing Protectors for Individual Users. Specifies methods of characterizing the performance of systems that estimate the real-ear attenuation provided by hearing protective devices on individual wearers.
  • S1.4, American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters. Establishes performance and accuracy requirements for sound level meters.
  • S1.25, American National Standard Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters. Contains specifications for performance characteristics of personal noise dosimeters.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

  • ACGIH has established exposure guidelines for occupational exposure to noise in their Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) (85 dBA TWA with a 3 dBA exchange rate).